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The 1923 accent reminds me of how Matt Smith speaks when he portrays Prince Daemon on HOTD

"'Ere ... this Tudor 'aggles too much!"

There's hints of northern English as well as Midlands in there.

Oddly enough, in my area in the southern US (foothills of the Appalachians, if it matters much), “What do you lack?” is actually not that uncommon a thing to hear. Though I usually hear it more in the context of work. It would mean “what do you need,” “what hasn’t been done yet,” “how much more,” that sort of thing. It’s always sounded odd to me, as I was raised in the northern/midwestern states, and to my ears it always sounded like they were saying “What do you like?” thanks to the accent. I even gave an honest answer to that misheard question the first time someone asked it of me. I’m used to it now. But it still sounds old-fashioned. Like some colonial-era (or earlier) lingo that hasn’t yet realized the times have left it behind.

The Bretons even look like the Irish. If I watched that with the sound down, I would have thought they were.

Why do you appear to think that consciousness has a material explanation? Is it not that the brain connects us to the material world but that consciousness itself is immaterial?

So How was not an ametican Indian greating

Dr Hadjivassilou's very extensive research on gluten-induced neurological illness: scholar.google.com/citations?user=-UHw4f8AAAAJ&hl=en

Wow, I didn't realize paisley shirts were still being made! Always liked them. Paisley is from the old english word paisalia which means "interesting". When the English went to India they took the cloth with them and it spread like wildfire.

Some of those plants look suspiciously like poison ivy......!!!

so-so??? That's a literal translation from Spanish "asi, asi". C'mon.

I love the way that all sounds, like honest to goodness English as it once was. It is indeed a shame what has become of it.

you should talk about the Greek concepts of Kairos and Chronos, two competing concepts of Time.

Very interesting. Thank you.

I read the original text, very, very interesting. Sometimes I had to read the French to get the exact meaning in English. So two questions: when did English start saying 'Do you have?' instead of 'Have you?'? and when did English stop counting with one and twenty etc? I had assumed it was much earlier. Thanks.

Grateful to have landed here. Fascinating stuff. Thank you.

I bet a parrot went for more than a rabbit. One supposes that the potato had arrived by then and chip shops were only affordable for the aristocracy and the like.

Ah geez the British had wine at an affordable price in England that they could get casually at low price before going tot he market??? What kind of wine?

Second simple take away for me: that thing about the geneology of Saxon kings- not something I'm personally aware of, but I had the same thought about the origin myth of Poland, where I live. There is the first Christian duke in 966, then maybe 3 tenuously chronicled generations before him, and after that anywhere from one generation earlier, or centuries earlier, you get the legendary or mythical Piast the Wheelwright, founder of the first duke's dynasty.

First simple take away for me "but I couldn't quite explain it back to myself, which made me think maybe I hadn't understood it afterall" - more people in this worlsld need that filter of knowing, or even suspecting, that they don't understand something.

Why the f$#% are we seeing insects crawling through the soil on a video that's suppossed to be about English in the 1500's?

I'm sure this is enough proof the 'correct' accent is actually the only incorrect one

Soo interesting!!

The two oldest ones sound very old east coast American to me. I cannot hear the difference between them to be honest

Gluten neuropathy sufferer and former medical student here. What you describe initially (in the first 5 minutes) are early or mild symptoms of most neurological diseases. Unfortunately, very many doctors and even neurologist ignore this - they believe it has to be worse until they do anything. If you insist, they may even begin to label you as mentally ill. Many of us have tried this. But then you go on to tell about a deteriation progressing to more pronounced ataxia. Walking with a stick as a young man is no joke. Please stop talking about psychomatic issues. What you experience is not psychosomatic. (It makes more sense to talk about somatopsychic, but very telling, most professionals who constantly talk about the unity of mind and body only talk about the psyche->soma route, not soma->psyche , and this demonstrates that they actually just wipe off bodily symptoms on stress, not the other way around.) Erronously, very many people believe that celiac disease is only condition of gluten intolerance. But gluten intolerance is an umbrella term simply meaning that you cannot tolerate gluten. Celiac is a specific one of these conditions, including a damaged gut surface, by the mechanism of antibodies agains transglutaminase-2. This is what all medical students learn. They also learn that infants can have true allergies against gliadin. But then it stops. A reaearcher in Britain, Marios Hadjivassiliou, has since over 20 years demonstrated that a very similar mechanism, gluten-induced antibodies against transglutaminase-6, can trigger a disease attacking neurons in the cerebellum and peripherous nerve system. Of course, it can coexist with classic celiac disease. It is very likely that a person with TG-2 antbodies will develop TG-6 antobodies too. But the problem is, TG-6 antobodies aren't routinely tested at all. It is possible at some progressive medical laboratories. There are also people with increased intestinal permeability (leaky gut), associated with infections or food allergies, who develop gluten intolerance, but it may be partially reversible. In Lyme disease, it is common. Even if you do have classic celiac disease, it is more than just a gut condition. It impacts the whole body, and most dangerously, the brain and nerves. But when you begin to get rreally ill, some physicians will turn you away even more, since your symptoms are now "everything" and not specific (narrow) any more. Most people who use wheelchairs are actually not completely paralysed or unable to walk. So it would be really ignorant to judge a wheelchair user who can walk. Don't care about idiots. You have been gaslighted - although you appear to have been lucky that doctors have actually taken you seriously. By all efforts, STAY ON A STRICTLY GLUTEN-FREE DIET, no matter what the intestinal biopsy of final diagnosis says. Staying gluten-free is the only way to improve. If you don't, your neural damage will progrediate. You may after years try out if you can begin to tolerate gluten again, but it is not likely - don't spend too much time testing it. If the TG-2 antibody test or intestinal biopsy is negative, you could try to get tests for TG-6 antibodies (may include going to a private doctor or finding a lab yourself). But still, only a trial diet can actually be conclusive. I have been through this process 20 years ago. I would have strong neural pain when eating even the slightest amount of gluten, within minutes, followed by fatigue, pain, depression and autistic symptoms and sometimes slight diarrhea. It would take 3 days until being back to normal, but several weeks in the beginning of the diet, since there is a build-up of gluten peptides that needs to be excreted first. (And that is why you CANNOT feel whether you are gluten intolerant without making a trial diet, since eating gluten every day, like most do, means it is in the body constantly.) Actually my gluten reactions became tangible in the first months of a diet, and would then gradually decrease a bit. I didn't usually eat gluten intentionally, but got these reactions when food was contaminated. I also have Lyme disease, but my gluten intolerance seems to be more pronounced than in most Lyme patients. It seems that I could tolerate gluten until I was about 27 years old, or at least I didn't have any significant symptoms until then. It took ten more years before I found out I have Lyme. I later began studying medicine, but later had to change to dentistry. (Despite all what they say, university isn't very good at accomodating students with chronic illness or function impairments.) Studying medicine after being a patient is, in some ways, like reverting to the state of medical knowledge 30 years ago, becasue that is the time it may time for new research to enter textbooks. The fact that there are patients who actually have have a specific disease, and who gain knowledge themselves, doesn't help the disease to get recognised, because it will just make certain doctors skeptical and make them label it as a controversial issue. This is especially true for the many authoritarian followers of experts - the "semi-learned" ones - journalists, people who think they are informed citizens etc. If I felt let down from having to deal with gluten intolerance without support, it was much more to have to deal with Lyme. But if you only have gluten intolerance (celiac, gluten ataxia/neuropathy or whatever) you will be fine from just following the diet. If you have lived with this condition all your life until now, it will of course have had an effect on your mental condition and emotional development. That is probably the reason why you tend to mix up somatic, emotional and mental issues and family experiences to some degree - you have not yet experienced what it is like to be healthy. But you will get much better as soon as the toxic burden is gone. It may lead to substantiable personality changes, for example, feeling more open, happy and relaxed, in addition to cognitive improvement. Just be sure to insist on your own knowledge and act accordingly, in case you encounter non-informed doctors. Based on my own experiences, I'd say you should care for your health first and education second. If there is any energy left, you can use it for studying. If you get well first, you'll have much more energy for the rest. Conversely, if yo get run down, it is much more difficult to regenerate (although usually not impossible).

Hmmm… back then he said “ya” for yes. Here in the area where I live in the US we say “ya” also. Actually “ja” I suppose. Lots of German and Dutch Americans here.

You touched briefly on "shithouse" being used in the early 20th century, and it reminded me of one of my favourite 18th century anecdotes. In the lead-up to the incident that became known as the Boston Massacre, there were many confrontations and fights between the soldiers garrisoned in Boston and the locals. There were several reasons for this: one of them was that it was an Irish regiment and Bostonians were virulently racist toward them, but a perhaps even simpler reason was that the locals felt the soldiers were "stealing their jobs". British soldiers of that period were often allowed to find work in their off duty time to supplement their meagre income from the army, and many of them did. This led to an altercation where a local asked a soldier if he wanted a job. I unfortunately cannot find the citation to hand to quote it verbatim, but I believe the soldier responded, "Faith, I would." And the person responded, "Go clean my shithouse." It started a brawl, one of many that happened in the weeks leading up to the shooting.

Take care Simon. You're an incredible and lovely person.

Great video as always.

I wonder if the reason he had so few contractions, even in the French pronunciation column, is precisely because he was writing for a francophone audience. While he was going for casual speech, it's often difficult to make oneself understood in another language when using contractions and reduced forms, because your accent already means your pronunciation will be a bit off. On the other hand, it's often easier to reconstruct the original form from a native speaker using a contraction. For instance, I never needed to be told that "j'ais" was a contraction of "je sais" in French, but until my accent was up to snuff I couldn't use the contraction myself without some confusion resulting. In such a situation, it's perhaps better to give the full version and leave figuring out the reduced forms as an exercise for the reader.

"merry xmas or whatever it is youre celebrating or not celebrating" lmao dude....

Growing up in coastal Carolina it used to be fairly common to hear someone ask "what do you lack", mostly from the older generation. I seldom hear it nowadays.

French and English =Flemish? Life in the grass as well :)

God be wy = God be on your way

Yes

People have cursed, swore, used profanity, said dirty words, spoke obscenities, were vulgar, used slurs and pejorative language, and defamed each other for quite awhile.

Deepest sympathy on your Dad's passing. Coeliac can be difficult to diagnose, I'm so sorry to hear of all the terrible and frightening symptoms you have had. Sending you support, take care.

First pic has a glob of poop to the right. Nice 16th century touch!

Brilliant Simon, glad I caught this before I powered up my time machine. Sounds like my estuary tone will be reasonbaly understood. When I get back (if?) I will brief you on the 'how' issue.......

What is the clock? In Czech: kolik (how many) je (is) hodin (clocks)? - asking for time.

I’m currently learning Afrikaans and see a lot of similarities. It is or tis is dis in Afrikaans. As for the d replacing the t, this is a common pattern in Afrikaans whereas d’s and t’s are often swapped for each other.

back when I used to get baked regularly, I had a couple of separate moments of dissociation while being in a sober state, where I couldn't recognize any of the sensory input I was receiving from my eyes and ears (and tactile). Like I suddenly turned into a baby that doesn't understand anything it's looking at. lasted a couple of seconds each time and then it would all rush back in, but I remembered those moments for life. It's also similar to the experience of being on salvia. you forget left from right and up from down for 15 minutes.

"Do support' was prevalent in Cornwall and Devon when I grew up down there, but only amongst people who generally had to call to write. Or to read. Definitely 'low prestige.' 'I be home' was also normal.

As is well-known, during WWII sauerkraut was called "liberty cabbage," a very intentional change of language designed to exclude certain words. Can the same thing happen in the pronunciation of a word? Perhaps A situation where the change is used to recognize "friend" from "foe?"